From the honored Sharif Sidi El Hassane Dabbagh, author of

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According to Holy Quran, the Kaaba in Mecca was built by Sidna
Ibrahim (Abraham, peace be upon him) and his son Ismail (Ishmael,
peace be upon him) at the very spot where Sayyida Hajar (Hagar, peace
be upon her) wandering in the desert where her infant son, found a
spring (i.e. Zam Zam) by divine inspiration. The prayer of Sidna
Ibrahim (peace be upon him) for the inhabitants of the holy city of
Mecca is mentioned in the Glorious Quran. In the eyes of Tijani
companions and confidants, Fez is the capital of Tijanidom through
its foundation by the pole of the Maghreb the Imam Moulay Idriss ibn
Abdellah (d. 177/762). It is something of a holy city, and a
reflection of the first two cities of Islam, mentioned in the
revelation. "Apart from Fez," writes the Shaykh Sidi Mohammed ibn
Jaafar Kattani (d. 1345/1930) in Kitab Salwat al-Anfas, "I know of no
other Islamic city that is so ancient and so filled with religion and
science, that was founded by a true descendent of the family of the
Holy Prophet; and the resulting blessing from this has never failed."
In the Salwa, Shaykh Kattani quotes the saying of the great scholar
and Sufi Sidi Ali ibn Maymun al-Idrissi al-Hassani al-Fasi (d.
917/1502 in Damascus), who spear the Path of Abu Madyan as far as
Anatolia and the Hijaz, wrote about Fez as follows,

In my whole life, I have never seen its equal not have I seen any
other scholarswho have so perfectly preserved the sacred law in word
and deed (as well as the writings of its formulator, Imam Malik), and
who have so perfectly mastered the the other sciences, such as
jurisprudence, Quranic exegesis, and expertise in hadith. In Fez one
finds masters of all branches of intellectuality, such as grammar,
law of inheretence, mathematics, chronometery, geometery,
metaphysics, logic, rhetoric, music, etc., and these masters know all
the relevant texts by heart. Whoever does not know by heart the basic
text relating to science about which he speaks, and who cannot, on
any question, quote its verbatism, will receive no attention; as a
scholar, he will not be taken seriously. Since I left the city –it
was in the year 901/1495– I have seen nothing that can be compared
with Fez and its scholars, either in the other cities of the Maghreb
such as Tlemsen, Bujaya, or Tunis, or any part of Syria or the Hijaz.

The year 1213/1796 marked the permanent entrance of Sidna Shaykh, the
greatest Imam, the borderless sea, the renewer of the divine path's
concepts after its occultation, the initiator of the reality sciences
after its light decline, the unique in his time in sciences, inner
state and rhetoric, the great assembled pole, the unique being with
two sublime spiritual and bodily lineages, the two upper angelic and
royal sanctities and the blessed Mohammedian twin lineages, Abul
Abbas Ahmed ibn Mohammed Tijani al-Hassani to Fez where he was well-
received by the Sultan, Emir al-Muminin, Abu-r-Rabi'a Mawlana Slimane
(d. 1238/1823), marking the real beginning of his Ahmediya
Mohammediya Sufi Order. The choice of Fez is not surprising. The city
has been formerly blessed by Sidna Shaykh's surfacing in two
occasions. The first stopover occurred in 1171/1756 for educational
purposes. The second in 1191/1776 with the intention of visiting
Mawlana Idriss al-Azhar (d. 213/798) –the pride of the Maghreb over
the Mashriq.

One year after his entrance to Fez on the Mu'harram of 1214/1797
Sidna Shaykh attained the "Absolute General Authorization" (maqam al-
qutbaniya al-jami'a al-'udhma). Shaykh Tijani b. Baba reports in the
Minya that Sidna Shaykh Tijani has attained this glorious maqam on
the Mount of Arafat (the holy mountain outside Mecca where the Holy
Prophet received revelation). Shaykh Sidi Mohammed ibn al-Arbi Sayeh
observes that the poet was probably revealed this fact from Sidi
Mohammed al-Habib (d. 1269/1854), the son of Sidna Shaykh Tijani;
from whom he sourced precious secrets and sciences at Ain Madhi. One
month and few days later he reached the well-known state of "Special
Mohammedian Sealhood" (maqam Khatm al-Wilaya Mohammediya al-Khassa)
as well as the state of "Poleness of Concealment" (maqam al-Katmiya)
in the daylight presence of his grandfather (peace and blessing be
upon him). He said in his Minya,

Sidi Tijani b. Baba Alawi Chinguiti (d. 1260/1845) states in the
qasida he named Minyat al-Murid (The Demise of Disciple),

To Fez the city of splendour
He parted in the year (12)13,
The city gladdened with the (onset) of Tijani,
In the sixth of Rabi'a at-Thani.
(…) He became a guiding ghawt on the (month of) Mu'harram,
And a viceregent of Allah, the Witness, the Glorious.
He became so on the Mount of Arafat,
As was reported by that of realization and knowledge.
After a month and few days he ascended,
To his superior special status;
The concealed status invisible from the creation,
Save the Holy Prophet, the infinite of infinite.

In his commentary on these verses, Shaykh Sidi Mohammed ibn al-Arbi
Sayeh (d. 1309/1894) writes in Kitab Bughyat al-mustafid li-shar'h
minyat al-murid (Aspiration of the Beneficiary in Commenting
the 'Demise of the Disciple')

[Fez] is the known great headquarters of the Maghreb that was and
shall stay until the end of times associated with goodness and
blessing and circled with grandeur and rapture by the bounty of Allah
Almighty. The author (Ibn Baba Alawi) described it as "the city of
splendour" (madinat al-fakhr) because of its infinite splendours and
extensive exploits. And it is adequate of nobility, glory and majesty
that it (Fez) was built by the descendent of Allah's Messenger and
Confidant, the sun and imam of Morocco, the omen of salvation with
his majesty Allah's brigades and banners were victorious, the plaited
horizon that glows all year long, the successor of the Chosen
Prophet, the best example of the clan of divine proximity and purity,
His Highness, our Lord Idriss, the son of the noted crown, Mawlana
Idriss al-Akbar –satisfaction of Allah be upon him and his convivial
ancestors, of whom we ask Allah Almighty to provide us eternal love
and loyalty. For (the blessed city of Fez) was the production and
reaction of his intention and determination.

(…) When the this Mohammediya tariqa become widespread and well-known
in the western and eastern states, and the states of Sidna Shaykh,
may Allah be pleased with him, are in the seventh heaven and
perfection, he thought to journey and move on the 17th, Rabi'a at-
Thani, 1214/1797, from the blessed castle of Abi Samgoune to the
glorious city of Fez in company of his splendid student and successor
(Sidi Ali Harazem ibn al-Arbi Berrada al-Fasi; d. 1212/1797), only to
mushroom his baraka in Morocco and Moroccans, be they noble or
starta, faithful or sinful, burnishing with his beauty the corners of
the fatherland, and proliferating with his manifestation the city and
the far land.

Upon his arrival, may Allah be pleased with him, he came before the
court of the hallowed sultan, the owner of credit and grandeur, Abu-r-
Rabi'a Mawlana Slimane (d. 1238/1823), ibn sultan Mawlana Mohammed,
ibn sultan Mawlana Abdellah, ibn sultan Mawlana Ismail, may Allah
have mercy on them and sanctify their secrets, where he was well-
received and welcomed, admired and gratified. The sultan granted him
the well-known Dar Lamraya (literally, house of the mirror) that
Sidna Shaykh kindly rejected it to a masked matter. The sultan, may
Allah sanctify his secret, captured his motive and spoke to him after
he screened what has been concealed. Couple of days of his residence
later, Sidna Shaykh declared to his special companions that he could
not have taken (the place) before the authorization of the Messenger
(peace and blessing be upon him), adding that he (peace and blessing
be upon him) commanded him beyond to proceed in a prompt procedure.
(And) I was informed by the special companions of Sidna Shaykh that
such a procedure was to provide its rent to the helpless. Hence he
donated bread, the sum of its value, at the end of each month until
his pass, may Allah be pleased with him.

Abul Abbas Sidi Ahmed ibn al-Iyyachi Skirej (d. 1355/1940) documents
in Kashf al-Hijab 'amman talaaqa bi-Shaykh Tijani mina-l As'hab
(Rising the Veil on the Companions of Shaykh Tijani) that the
companions of Sidna Shaykh used, before the construction of the Grand
Zawiya, to perform the daily Wadhifa against his house of Dar
Lamraya. Sometimes even in mosques. Later on his grandfather (peace
and blessing b upon him) asked him to build his blessed Zawiya in the
purest location. Heeding his indication (peace and blessing be upon
him), Sidna Shaykh selected the area where the Grand Zawiya is
located today in the district of Dardas, known today as Lablida. The
land, which he purchased from his proper money, was drain and wrecked
in the property of the family of Agumi. A huge tree was planted in
there. Sidna Shaykh was buried in that very place. The terrain of the
Zawiya was somewhat majestic that no one dared to penetrate the place
except the majdubs of Fez (fool in God). For instance, the majduba,
Sayyida Safiyya Labbada, used to come there and sway her head and say
to passer-bys, "Don't you hear `there is no God but Allah, Mohammed
is the Messenger of Allah". The terrain was a favourite destination
for the noted majdub Sidi al-Lahbi. Sometimes he put his ears on the
door and cried out to passer-bys, "Come here and listen to the
invocation". When constructions of the blessed Zawiya began, he
shouted, in the tradition of majdubs, "Shatter-proofed is Fez,
especially the Dardas!" (ta'hassanat Fas khususan ad-dardas).

In the course of time Sidna Shaykh bought the surroundings of the
terrain including an endowed house (waqf) in the property of some
lady. Sidna Shaykh proposed her a good deal. However, the covetous
people of Fez mobilized themselves to prevent the transaction. The
sharif Sidi Ahmed ibn Mohammed Abdellawi (d. 1328/1913) had al-Qadi
Skirej notified that the lady sold the house, at the end, by the
intervention of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him),
who affirmed, "That is (the Zawiya) my place and I dislike anyone
else to be associated with it". Nevertheless, when the construction
of the Zawiya began in 1215/1800, the people of Fez amassed, again,
to thwart the construction. The hassles reached Emir al-Mouminin
Mawlana Slimane who ordered the chore to carry on. The sultan went so
far and wanted to contribute in funding the construction. The very
special companion of Sidna Shaykh, al-Allama Sidi Mohammed ibn al-
Mishri Sibai al-Idrissi al-Hassani (d. 1224/1809) narrates in Kitab
al-Jami'a li-durar al-ulum al-faida min ba'hr al-Qutb al-Maktum (The
Absolute in Compressing the Overflowing Sciences from the Sea of the
Hidden Pole),

When the sultan (may Allah sanctify his secret) authorized the
construction of the blessed Zawiya in Fez, he sent him 2000 riyal as
a subsidy. Sidna Shaykh sent him the money back with the motivation
that, "the affair of the Zawiya is behold by God" (amru-ha qaim-un
billah). The sultan insisted, however. Sidna Shaykh took the subsidy
and distributed it on the poor and the helpless. Perhaps it was the
intention of the sultan (may Allah sanctify his secret) (beyond the
subsidy) to test Sidna Shaykh, may Allah be pleased with him, and see
if he is a material man or the opposite. Therefore, Sidna Shaykh
sought to show him of his fine attributes and narratives. And Allah
knows best the purpose of Sidna Shaykh's behavior for he was asked
once on royal grants and commented, "Ali (ibn Abi Talib), may Allah
glorify his face, has said, `The sultan gathers the `halal and
the `haram; take whatever he gives". Indeed most of the ulama have
agreed that khalifal prizes are approved. The case, however, is
unlike his deputies. The khalifa is assigned to manage people's
money, his deputies are unjust (dhalim). This is evidenced by the
Imam Malik's receipt of 3000 dinar from the khalifa. When he was
asked on the affair, the imam noted, "If he (khalifa) were fair and
gave people of chivalry their share, I would have twice (of that
sum)".

The book of Kashf al-Hijab depicts very interesting details on the
construction of the blessed Zawiya. In the hagiography of the silk
weaver, Sidi al-Haj Ahmed Ben Abdellah al-Fasi (d. 1223/1808), we are
told that this companion was the first to supply the Zawiya with
water from his house located in Smat al-Udul district -next to the al-
Qarawiyyine mosque. One neighbour, a foe of the path of Sidna Shaykh,
tried to foil the entire operation claiming that it would damage his
pipelines. Nevertheless, the house owner gave the go-ahead. Sidi al-
Haj Ahmed motivated workers and gave them enough to finish the
manoeuvre by morning. The whole process occurred in secrecy. To their
surprise, the brothers came to the Zawiya in the morning and found
water streaming. Morals were high that day and joy spread to the air.
In this context, Sidi Mohammed ibn al-Arbi Sayeh notes in his bughya
that the brothers in the sake of water excavated three wills and
found but rotten water. Sidna Shaykh Tijani consulted his
grandfather, as his tradition, on the affair. The Holy Prophet (peace
and blessing b upon him) commanded to dig in the Bab al-`Hawsh where
they found sweet water.

On the special qualities of the Grand Zawiya of Sidna Shaykh Abul
Abbas Ahmed Tijani, Sidi Ahmed Skirej says in his Kashf al-Hijab,

Know that this blessed Zawiya possesses numerous unique features
found nowhere else. "Had the grand gnostics knew the bounties of this
Zawiya they would have set their tents there", explained Sidna
Shaykh. The Shaykh used to bring up the attributes of the Zawiya in
his discussions and usually repeated that, "The performance of the
(five obligatory) payers in the Zawiya is certainly accepted. (…) And
among the special characteristics that purified and glorified the
Zawiya is that no one else is allowed to be buried in its soil. Sidna
Shaykh has extremely stressed on the issue warning that, "Fire eats
whoever is buried in (this) Zawiya"… as he was himself informed by
his grandfather (peace and blessing be upon him).

(…) And know that when Sidna Shaykh has started to build his blessed
Zawiya he asked for a stone where he wrote the Greatest Name of Allah
Almighty (al-Ism al-A'adham). He wrote this supplication too, "O
Allah! I ask You by Your Greatest Name to protect my companions from
qaf to qaf" [The phrase of "from qaf to qaf" is mentioned in Hizb
Sayfi] (Allahumma inni asaluka, ya Mawlay, bi-`haqqi ismika al-`adhim
al-a'adham an ta'hfada as'habi min qaf ila qaf). Then he commanded to
bury the stone beneath one of the pillars of the Zawiya. This pillar
is most probably the second one opposite the blessed shrine known by
the special companions as the `Golden Pillar' (sariyat ad-dahab). I
have heard on that particular (Golden Pillar) by the royal blessing,
the most noble, owner of special states and outlandish narratives,
the saint Moulay Taher (d. 1333/1925), the son of Moulay Mohammed ibn
Abi an-Nasr al-Alawi (d. 1273/1858), who frequently saw Sidna Shaykh
(after his death) sitting against it. Among those who attended the
writing and burial of the Greatest Name in the Zawiya, the sharif
Sidi Omar, the grandson of the big pole and noted gnostic, Sidi
Abdellaziz Debbarh, may Allah be pleased with him (on whom Kitab al-
Ibriz was exposed) as well as other special companions of Sidna
Shaykh (may Allah be pleased with him).

The companion of Sidna Shaykh Sidi Tayyeb Sefyani accounts in his
book, the Al-Ifada al-Ahmediya li-murid sa'ada al-abadiya (The Ahmedi
Notification for the Hunter of Eternal Rapture), that one day he had
Sidna Shaykh Abul Abbas Tijani, may Allah be pleased with him,
informed that women, on the 27th of Ramadan, spend the night at the
mosque of al-Qarawiyyin and utter thrilling (zaghrada) at the khatm
(ending) of the Holy Quran. Sidna Shaykh asked him, "How many of them
sleep there?" "300 or less", he responded. Sidna Shaykh asked
again, "They come there in limpidness in accompany of kids (i.e.
suckling)?" "They come with special lavatories for kids", they said.
Then Sidna Shaykh declared, "This mosque is affronted and we have to
leave it!" Thus Sidna Shaykh and his companions quitted the
performance of prayers in the mosque for almost four months. Allah
Almighty have inspired the sultan to renovate and re-furniture the
mosque. As a result Sidna Shaykh reestablished his tradition to pray
at the al-Qarawiyyin on Fridays.

(…) And know that Allah Almighty has saved this blessed Zawiya from
the disastrous innovations (bida'a) found in mosques and zawiyas
where boys play and men and women mix especially in the feasts, e.g.
the 27th of Ramadan. And don't ask, o brother, of the corruption that
occurs in the big mosques and others where very few righteous men are
saved from its occupants. May Allah be satisfied with Sidna Shaykh
Tijani whose Zawiya has been purified from this great deterioration.

(…) We are informed that Sidi Mohammd ibn al-Arbi Sayeh, may Allah
have mercy on him, has strongly whined the brothers who retreated in
such mosques on the 27th of Ramadan. He said, "I was told by Sidi
Tayyeb Sefyani (d. 1259/1844) –the companion of Sidna Shaykh Tijani—
that, "One day, on the 27th of Ramadan, we cleansed the lamps (of the
Zawiya) and prepared what big mosques use to celebrate the blessed
night. Then we went to the house of Sidna Shaykh in congregation. The
Shaykh invited us for a meal and started to chat with us. Later, a
brother stood to go to the Zawiya and said, "It is time!", i.e. time
switch up the lights of the Zawiya. Sidna Shaykh (may Allah be
satisfied with him) exclaimed, "Where to?" "To the Zawiya", we
replied. Then he asked, "What for?" to which we responded, "O, Sidi,
tonight is the night of Laylat al-Qadr; the night of the 27th of
Ramadan, and we have lit the lamps". Sidna Shaykh said, "Switch (the
lamps) off, close the Zawiya and bring me the keys. Whoever wants to
pray tonight should pray home. (For) in this age (fi-hada zaman),
there is (in mosques that celebrate the 27th of Ramadan) but
corruption and error. The companions went to the Zawiya and did what
Sidna Shaykh ordered them to do. When they came back to his house,
they found Sidna Shaykh outside waiting for the key.

Being assured of the absence of corruption in his Zawiya, Sidna
Shaykh ordered his companions to celebrate in there the night of the
Birthday of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him) (Eid al-
Mawlad an-Nabawi), on which al-Qadi Skirej flaunts in Kashf al-Hijab,

Sidna Shaykh (may Allah be pleased with him) had a favorable view of
Eid al-Mawlid an-Nabawi and recommended his companions to celebrate
it. I have found recorded by the handwriting of the righteous saint
Sidi Mohammed ibn al-Arbi Sayeh (may Allah have mercy on him), "I was
told by Sidi al-Haj Abdelwahhab ibn al-Ahmar (d. 1269/1854), may
Allah be pleased with him, "We had the tradition to visit Sidna
Shaykh on the nights of feats and occasions. On the afternoon of one
Eid al-Mawlid, we visited him to hear his commands. We have not
prepared any lamps or candles for the occasion for we feared that
Sidna Shaykh would not approve like he did earlier on the occasion of
the 27th of Ramadan. On our way out, Sidna Shaykh inquired our
destination. "To our places", we asked. "Are you going to the
Zawiya?" he wondered. "What for, o Sidi?" we speculated. "To
celebrate the Eid al-Mawlid an-Nabawi. Go to praise him (peace and
blessing be upon him) and chant the poem of al-Hamziya (of Sidi
Mohammed al-Busairi)."Shall we chant in the rhythm of musicians (al-
musammi'in)?" Sidi Abdelwahhab asked Sidna Shaykh (may Allah be
pleased with him). "Yes", he replied, to which Sidi Abdelwahhab
reacted, "And later on, shall we make any invocation?" (i.e. alike
the wadhifa of Friday). Sidna Shaykh answered, "Do not. It is merely
a night of praises and prayers upon him (peace an d blessing be upon
him).

Sidi Mohammed ibn al-Arbi Sayeh relates in his Bughya that Sidna
Shaykh has traveled regularly to the (Eastern) desert but never moved
to some other city for good. However, to everyone surprise, within a
few months of the wedding of Sidi Mohammed al-Kabir and Sidi Mohammed
al-Habib; the sons of Sidna Shaykh, (just couple of months before his
pass), Sidna Shaykh Tijani has decided to leave and settle
permanently in the state of Sham (Current Syria) for the sake of its
blessed attributes recorded in the sharifian hadith. The picture of
sorrow and manifestation of distress on the faces of companions and
confidants were beyond description. Miraculously, on the verge of
leaving the fatherland, Sidna Shaykh appeared to the masses and
astonished his companions, declaring, as we read in Kashf al-Hajib,
that "rejecting to miss his light and splendour, the saints of
Morocco congregated and pledged the Chieftain of the Universe (peace
and blessing be upon him) to keep his corporeal existence and bodily
persona within their blessed territory and country". The Moroccan
saints knew that Sidna Shaykh Tijani does nothing without the
consultancy of his educator and provider (peace and blessing be upon
him) and his sharifian commands never go for granted. The Holy
Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him) reacted positively to their
demand commanding his grandson to stay home. No telling how much the
event cooled down the nerves and relaxed the chests of the companions
and brothers and confidants. When Sidna Shaykh loathed the
erroneousness of the people of Fez, he would have gone, "Fearing
Allah not, I would have imprecated the saints of Morocco".

Behind the wedding of Sidi Mohammed al-Kabir and Sidi Mohammed al-
Habib, we are informed in Kashf al-Hijab that Sidna Shaykh's blessed
essence towed some enduring fever due to the divine secret achieved
from his known elevated status. On the night he passed away
(Thursday, 17th of Shawal 1230/1815), he asked one of his companions
to call for five brothers to sleep with him. Later on he asked that
companion to revoke his call because as Sidna Shaykh put it, "I hinge
on my servant at night and man and women should not be together in
one room". After Sidna Shaykh performed the Subh prayer, he laid down
on his right side while he asked for a glass of water then he
returned to his bed. At that time his blessed soul went up to its
holy position. Huge crowds of eminent scholars and notables, loyal
and agnostic took part in the funeral. Had his companion Mawlana
Sultan Slimane were in Fez he would have attended the funeral with
the personalities that had attended. The great scholar Sidi Abu
Abdullah Mohammed ibn Ibrahim Dukkali led the funeral prayer at the
Qarawiyyine mosque. People were rushing and trying hard to have that
great honour of holding the blessed coffin of Sidna Shaykh and it was
a scene full of deep emotions where tears and sorrows constituted the
landmark of this great event. Sidna Shaykh was buried in the well-
known place in his blessed Zawiya.

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